Journals

Gender-based sexual and psychological violence, often targeted against women and the girl-child, remains a global problem that has, in recent times, assumed an alarming proportion and dimension. Violence against women is defined as any act of gender-based violence – that is, violence directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately – that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (UN, 1994). The consequences of this form of violence are legion – it takes a devastating toll on women, the girl-child, families and nations. Researchers have shown increasing links between sexual and psychological violence and the high vulnerability of women to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article focuses on sexual and psychological violence against women and the girl-child in Nigeria. It identifies and examines the causes and consequences of violence. It proffers solutions which will stem this growing tide of violence often targeted. It proffers solutions which will stem this growing tide of violence often targeted against women and girl-child in Nigerian homes by reviewing emerging strategies for the prevention of violence and making recommendations which will serve as a way forward.

This paper examines the relevance of the effective teaching and learning of social studies education in Nigeria's Basic Education Schools in curbing terrorism in Nigeria. The paper looks at the concept of social studies education and terrorism in Nigeria and findings reveal that the people involved in terrorism are intolerant of divergent and opposing views and this could effectively be managed if the children and youths imbibe the culture of unity, respect, social values, and tolerance of opposing and divergent views with the effective teaching and learning of social studies. Findings further reveal that the teaching of social studies in Nigerian schools is not meeting the desired objectives, not because of the quality of the curriculum structure but ineffective delivery of the subject. The paper concludes that the effective teaching and learning of social studies education is a veritable tool that can be used to instill social values in the citizenry right from a young age which will nip social ills like terrorism in the bud. The paper recommended that Social Studies should not be taught as a mere academic exercise to fulfill the directives of the planners of the Nigerian Educational Systems. The philosophy and objectives of the course should be in the mind of the teachers as they impart knowledge. Also, practical demonstration of love and tolerance of the divergent views should be expressed. Adequate mechanisms to access the students' assimilation and practice of the social values and discipline they learnt from the studies of social studies should be devised and be put in place.

The rapid advancement in digital technology has made the use of technology an essential component of contemporary education. In order to keep up with the pace of advancement in any field of endeavour, students and teachers alike must take advantage of emerging applications of technology to ensure effective teaching and learning. One of such applications is in lecture capture, which is the use of lecture recordings as a tool to support learning. Digital devices such as computers, laptops, tablets, smart phones, etc are now used to support learning in ways that were hitherto unimaginable. This article develops a new framework for a more effective integration and utilization of current technologies in ways that take advantage of its unique capabilities to transform the learning experience. We explored the extant literature on the current use of technology to enable and enhance learning. Then, we designed a learning practice based on the proactive use of prerecorded lectures, motivational schemes to ensure its usage and creative procedure to stimulate active participation in classrooms and entrench deeper understanding of the subject matter, thereby providing a platform for effective and efficient knowledge transfer.

Today's children will be joining the work force tomorrow. However, they need to be prepared for success in tomorrow's work environment. They need computer, writing, presentation, team work and problem-solving skills as well as workplace habits such as punctuality, reliability, ability to cope with failure, among others. A highly skilled future work force leads to a prosperous economy. To stay competitive in an increasingly complex marketplace, and produce more workers who can take responsibility for the nation's economic prosperity in the decades ahead; rather than wait until young people are at the verge of entry into the job market to address this issue, investing in children's earliest learning experiences is a crucial step in cultivating a viable, productive work force for Nigeria. This paper therefore focuses on ways in which qualitative early learning experiences could prepare Nigerian children as the future dynamic and productive work force that would enable the nation take a seat of pride among the advanced nations of the world. It is recommended that the government should increase investment in quality early childhood education. Clubs sand societies should also be introduced to children early in school, so that they can develop team spirit, self confidence and decision making skills which could help prepare them for their career in later life. 

Teaching profession is one of the oldest professions in Nigeria. Historically, the existence of teaching could be traced back to the colonial era, through the pre-independence, post• independence period and the present time. These periods had witnessed many challenges and efforts have been made by the Government and all educational stakeholders to improve the teaching profession and the aspect of teacher education. The presenters examined the concepts of teaching and teacher preparation. One hundred andfifty (15 0) respondents comprising of three (3) categories of student teachers.fifty (50)from each group viz: Post• Graduate Diploma in Education (PDE), final year students of Degree and final year students of NCE level of Federal College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta were involved. The questionnaire focused on some vital issues affecting the teaching profession and teacher preparation. Using percentages to analyse the data, the study revealed that the Government and other educational stakeholders have to put more efforts in place to improve teaching as a profession. There is a need to expose our student teachers to the usage of modern/technological teaching gadgets and methodologies. Overcrowded lecture halls should be guided against for effective teaching-learning to take place in our higher institutions. 
 

Years before now, the thought of literacy was limited to ability to read and write. This was later extended beyond identification and application of graphic symbols using pen and paper for communication purposes but with the addition of ability to express some built up knowledge that has been acquired within a period of time especially in a particular field of knowledge. Meanwhile, in the contemporary world, the evolution of technology has brought about advancement in communication outside the use of written or printed texts. The use of computer and some other related electronic devices has exposed the entire world to a form of communication that is interactive even though without a physical representation of interactants through the social media. Meanwhile, despite the efforts of world governments, and organisations like UNESCO and MD Gs, a new challenge is posed to the achievement of literacy at this level especially among the adults who have, no doubt, acquired some level of formal education and by extension the traditional communication skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. In the light of this, this study, Communication Skills in the 21st Century: An Insight into Adult Literacy in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, is embarked upon tofind out relevant ways technological communication skills can help achieve adult literacy in the 21st century in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. 

The study examined teachers and students perception of the application of examination ethics in reducing examination malpractice in Nigeria s tertiary institutions. It also sought to ascertain the degree of fairness in trying examination malpractice suspects in Colleges of Education. The study adopted descriptive survey method and was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. The sample of the study comprised 300 student and 140 lecturers drawn from three Federal College of Education in South West zone of Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used The hypotheses were tested using t• test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there were significant level of compliance to examination ethics and also significant level of fairness in trying those that were involved in examination malpractice by the panel in the colleges. Based on the finding of the study recommendations were made on government provision of facilities, orientation and counseling, nature of offences and penalty written on students ' answer scripts and execution of the examination ethics without prejudice to any suspect, in that this will help in reinventing the educational industry for greater productivity. 

Mathematics anxiety has been a problem facing Students, teachers and society. This affects the performance of students in Mathematics negatively. This means that a large number of students aren't on a path to gain access to the many job and life opportunities which require a solid foundation in Mathematics. Some of the root causes of Mathematics anxiety include activities of Teachers in and outside the classroom,· such as Knowledge of the subject, teaching approach; care e.t.c Many societies commonly accept that Mathematics is difficult. The students learn this from the society. Mathematics anxiety comes as a result of bad study habits, low confidence on days of Mathematics test. The roles of teachers and students in reducing Mathematics anxiety were discussed. Therefore teachers of Mathematics should prepare well for lessons, have positive attitude and help students in and outside the classroom. Students, teachers and parents should work together to overcome this menace. 

The need to increase research productivity in Nigeria, is attracting the interest of academic scholars in recent times. Hence, this paper examines the impact of funding and resource control on research productivity in Nigerian Universities. Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study based on the parameters of funding and research control namely Government grants/subvention, institutional self financing, and international aids. The data collected was thereafter analyzed with the use of frequency count and percentage, chi -square statistics and analysis of variance (ANO VA). The findings from the study revealed that there was a significant impact of Government grant/subvention on the volume of research output (X 2 =14.85;P<0.041). There was also a significant impact of institutional self financing and international aid on the number of research output, withX2 = 10.9;P<0.041, X2 =11.0;P<0.041respectively. It was also found that the extent to which funding parameters increase research productivity is largely dependent on the level of control of financial, human and material resources within a given university. Based on the findings made, the study recommended amongst other things, that Government should make frank effort to increase funding of universities. Also university management team should create resource control department that would be saddled with the responsibility of ensuring judicious use and accountability of university resources. 

The importance of Ascorbic acid in prevention of diseases and building up of the body immune system cannot be over-emphasized. This study analyzed the content of ascorbic acid in Tamarindus indica, through comparative analysis of ripe and unripe Tamarind (Tamarindus indica). The samples for the experiment were obtained from a farm at Tilden Fulani and market all in Toro Local government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Unripe Tamarind was plucked from a Tamarind tree from the farm while the ripe Tamarind was purchase at the market. The percentage (concentration) ofascorbic acid in unripe Tamarindus indica is 124.6±12%. In the ripe Tamarindus indica the concentration of ascorbic acid is 2358.4±25%. Titrimetric Procedure was used to determine the concentration of the ascorbic acid. This procedure is the best for quick verification of ascorbic acid in fruits. The findings indicate that ripe Tamarindus indica have high concentration of ascorbic acid while unripe have low concentration of ascorbic acid. From the result obtained, it is obvious that Tamarind fruit can serve as a good source of ascorbic acid and the fruit can be used for domestic and commercial purposes. The study also support the common level of ascorbic acid depend on the type of fruit. The result is in deviation from the perception that tamarind contain less or little amount of ascorbic acid